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Social monogamy in mammals is defined as sexually mature adult organisms living in pairs. [1] While there are many definitions of social monogamy, this social organization can be found in invertebrates, reptiles and amphibians, fish, birds, mammals, and humans.
Monogamy in mammals is rather rare, only occurring in 3–9% of these species. [3] [4] [5] A larger percentage of avian species are known to have monogamous relationships (about 90%), [6] but most avian species practice social but not genetic monogamy in contrast to what was previously assumed by researchers. [7]
Monogamy: One male and one female have an exclusive mating relationship. The term "pair bonding" often implies this. This is associated with one-male, one-female group compositions. There are two types of monogamy: type 1, which is facultative, and type 2, which is obligate. Facultative monogamy occurs when there are very low densities in a ...
Hence there is a theoretical expectation that females tend to be larger in species that are monogamous. Females are larger in many species of insects, many spiders, many fish, many reptiles, owls, birds of prey and certain mammals such as the spotted hyena, and baleen whales such as blue whale. As an example, in some species, females are ...
Unless the male and female are perfectly monogamous, meaning that they mate for life and take no other partners, even after the original mate's death, the amount of parental care will vary. [7] Instead, it is much more common for polygynous mating to happen. Polygynous structures (excluding leks) are estimated to occur in up to 90% of mammals. [2]
Monogamy (/ m ə ˈ n ɒ ɡ ə m i / mə-NOG-ə-mee) is a relationship of two individuals in which they form a mutual and exclusive intimate partnership.Having only one partner at any one time, whether that be for life or whether that be serial monogamy, contrasts with various forms of non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory). [1]
Black-backed jackals are one of very few monogamous mammals. This pair uses teamwork to hunt down prey and scavenge. They will stay together until one of the two dies. According to evolutionary psychologists David P. Barash and Judith Lipton, from their 2001 book The Myth of Monogamy, there are several varieties of pair bonds: [2]
Only 3% of mammalian species are socially monogamous, although up to 15% of primate species are. [10] [16] Social monogamy has also been observed in reptiles, fish, and insects. Sexual monogamy is also rare among animals. Many socially monogamous species engage in extra-pair copulations, making them sexually non-monogamous. For example, while ...