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Blum Blum Shub takes the form + =, where M = pq is the product of two large primes p and q.At each step of the algorithm, some output is derived from x n+1; the output is commonly either the bit parity of x n+1 or one or more of the least significant bits of x n+1.
A modification of Lagged-Fibonacci generators. A SWB generator is the basis for the RANLUX generator, [19] widely used e.g. for particle physics simulations. Maximally periodic reciprocals: 1992 R. A. J. Matthews [20] A method with roots in number theory, although never used in practical applications. KISS: 1993 G. Marsaglia [21]
Again, the output is half the size of the input. Beginning with a 2 b-bit input word, the top b−3 bits are used for a shift amount, which is applied to the next-most-significant 2 b−1 +2 b−3 −1 bits, and the least significant 2 b−1 bits of the result are output. The low 2 b−1 −2 b−3 −b+4 bits are discarded.
Note that a power-of-2 modulus shares the problem as described above for c = 0: the low k bits form a generator with modulus 2 k and thus repeat with a period of 2 k; only the most significant bit achieves the full period. If a pseudorandom number less than r is desired, ⌊ rX/m ⌋ is a much higher-quality result than X mod r.
The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士). [1] [2] Its name derives from the choice of a Mersenne prime as its period length. The Mersenne Twister was designed specifically to rectify most of the flaws found in older PRNGs.
For example, the built-in pseudorandom number generator provided by many programming languages and/or libraries may often have only 32 bits of internal state, which means it can only produce 2 32 different sequences of numbers. If such a generator is used to shuffle a deck of 52 playing cards, it can only ever produce a very small fraction of ...
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A USB-pluggable hardware true random number generator. In computing, a hardware random number generator (HRNG), true random number generator (TRNG), non-deterministic random bit generator (NRBG), [1] or physical random number generator [2] [3] is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy (in other words, the device always has access to a ...