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For the EF86 low-noise audio pentode valve, for example, this voltage noise is specified (see e.g., the Valvo, Telefunken or Philips data sheets) as 2 microvolts integrated over a frequency range of approximately 25 Hz to 10 kHz. (This refers to the integrated noise, see below for the frequency dependence of the noise spectral density.)
Tube sound (or valve sound) is the characteristic sound associated with a vacuum tube amplifier (valve amplifier in British English), a vacuum tube-based audio amplifier. [1] At first, the concept of tube sound did not exist, because practically all electronic amplification of audio signals was done with vacuum tubes and other comparable ...
A valve amplifier or tube amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that uses vacuum tubes to increase the amplitude or power of a signal. Low to medium power valve amplifiers for frequencies below the microwaves were largely replaced by solid state amplifiers in the 1960s and 1970s.
A valve RF amplifier (UK and Aus.) or tube amplifier is a device for electrically amplifying the power of an electrical radio frequency signal. Low to medium power valve amplifiers for frequencies below the microwaves were largely replaced by solid state amplifiers during the 1960s and 1970s, initially for receivers and low power stages of ...
GR – Rectifier tube; SR – Transmitter tube; VR – Amplifier tube; The third letter specifies the cooling method: L – Forced air; S – Radiation; V – Vapor (the anode is immersed in evaporating water, and the steam is collected, condensed and recycled) W – Water; The first digit (or the first two digits in double tubes) indicates the ...
A majority of this data was originally derived from extensive bench measurements on real vacuum tube amplifier circuits under varying operating conditions by engineers Craig Maier and Rick Carlson in the early 1990s. A VVA is a direct mathematical reconstruction of the same signal passing through a physical electron tube amplifier.
In solid state amplifiers, the damping factor usually has a maximum value at low frequencies, and it reduces progressively at higher frequencies. The figure to the right shows the damping factor of two amplifiers. One is a solid state amplifier (Luxman L-509u) and the other is a tube amplifier (Rogue Atlas). These results are fairly typical of ...
In this example, the frequency ω 3dB such that ω 3dB C M R A = 1 marks the end of the low-frequency response region and sets the bandwidth or cutoff frequency of the amplifier. The effect of C M upon the amplifier bandwidth is greatly reduced for low impedance drivers (C M R A is small if R A is small).