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A map of Europe as it appeared in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna. This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day. Each country has information separated into columns: name of the distinct country, its lifespan, the ...
The 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, also known as the Kirkuk crisis, [19] [20] was a conflict in which the Iraqi government retook disputed territories in Iraq which had been held by the Peshmerga since ISIL's Northern Iraq offensive in 2014.
Kirkuk is located in a disputed area of Iraq that runs from Sinjar on the Syrian border southeast to Khanaqin and Mandali on the Iranian border. [43] Kirkuk has been a disputed territory for around eighty years — Kurds wanted Kirkuk to become part of the Kurdistan Region, which has been opposed by the region's Arab and Turkmen populations. [44]
Western Europe was forced to discover new trading routes, as happened with Columbus' travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama's circumnavigation of India and Africa in 1498. The numerous wars did not prevent European states from exploring and conquering wide portions of the world, from Africa to Asia and the newly discovered Americas.
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Europe's borders were largely stable. 1708 map by Herman Moll Main article: International relations 1648–1814 The 17th century saw very little peace in Europe – major wars were fought in 95 years (every year except 1610, 1669 to 1671, and 1680 to 1682.) [ 12 ] The wars were unusually ugly.
Map drawn by Robert McClure detailing the Northwest Passage, including the 1851 route of the Investigator. The first ascent of the Matterhorn, by Gustave Doré. The original survey map created by L.M. D'Albertis in 1876. Nansen and Johansen finally depart on their polar journey, 14 March 1895.
These timelines of world history detail recorded events since the creation of writing roughly 5000 years ago to the present day.. For events from c. 3200 BC – c. 500 see: Timeline of ancient history
This map shows the results of the expeditions of Father Marquette and L. Jolliet (1673) and the Cavelier de la Salle expedition in the Mississippi valley. The map shows three forts built between 1679 and 1680: Conty fort (near Niagara Falls), Miamis Fort (south of Michigan lake), and Crèvecœur fort (Left bank of the Illinois River).