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The Ostwald law of dilution provides a satisfactory description of the concentration dependence of the conductivity of weak electrolytes like CH 3 COOH and NH 4 OH. [3] [4] The variation of molar conductivity is essentially due to the incomplete dissociation of weak electrolytes into ions.
Ostwald's law of dilution, which gives the dissociation constant of a weak electrolyte as a function of concentration, can be written in terms of molar conductivity. Thus, the p K a values of acids can be calculated by measuring the molar conductivity and extrapolating to zero concentration.
The dilution in welding terms is defined as the weight of the base metal melted divided by the total weight of the weld metal. For example, if we have a dilution of 0.40, the fraction of the weld metal that came from the consumable electrode is 0.60.
Both Kohlrausch's law and the Debye–Hückel–Onsager equation break down as the concentration of the electrolyte increases above a certain value. The reason for this is that as concentration increases the average distance between cation and anion decreases, so that there is more interactions between close ions.
Ostwald also conducted significant research on dilution theory leading to his conceptualization of the law of dilution which at times is referred to as "Ostwald's Dilution Law". This theory holds that the behavior of a weak electrolyte follows the principles of mass action , being extensively dissociated at infinite dilution.
For some users, the following may create a greater ammount of understanding/clarity, in addition to just having a formula. For any weak electrolyte, Ostwald's dilution law states that the degree of dissociation is inversely proportional to square root of the molar concentration and is directly proportional to the square root of the volume containing one mole of electrolyte.
Dilution may refer to: Reducing the concentration of a chemical; Serial dilution, stepwise; Homeopathic dilution; Dilution (equation), an equation to calculate the rate a gas dilutes; Trademark dilution, weakening of a trademark by unauthorised use; Stock dilution, issuing of new company shares; Dilution gene, lightening animal coat color
Dilution factor is a notation often used in commercial assays. For example, in solution with a 1/5 dilution factor (which may be abbreviated as x5 dilution ), entails combining 1 unit volume of solute (the material to be diluted) with (approximately) 4 unit volumes of the solvent to give 5 units of total volume.