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The normalized Google distance (NGD) is a semantic similarity measure derived from the number of hits returned by the Google search engine for a given set of keywords. [1] Keywords with the same or similar meanings in a natural language sense tend to be "close" in units of normalized Google distance, while words with dissimilar meanings tend to ...
Using code-word lengths obtained from the page-hit counts returned by Google from the web, we obtain a semantic distance using the NCD formula and viewing Google as a compressor useful for data mining, text comprehension, classification, and translation. The associated NCD, called the normalized Google distance (NGD) can be rewritten as
We need outside information about what the name means. Using a data base (such as the internet) and a means to search the database (such as a search engine like Google) provides this information. Every search engine on a data base that provides aggregate page counts can be used in the normalized Google distance (NGD). A python package for ...
Semantic similarity is a metric defined over a set of documents or terms, where the idea of distance between items is based on the likeness of their meaning or semantic content [citation needed] as opposed to lexicographical similarity. These are mathematical tools used to estimate the strength of the semantic relationship between units of ...
In another usage in statistics, normalization refers to the creation of shifted and scaled versions of statistics, where the intention is that these normalized values allow the comparison of corresponding normalized values for different datasets in a way that eliminates the effects of certain gross influences, as in an anomaly time series. Some ...
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Once you have played the Wiki-Link Game a couple of times, you might be tempted to try these alternative ways to end the game: If you go back and edit a page to add a link in order to avoid a short page ending or infinite loop ending , then game over (the nobody likes a cheater ending ).
On December 9, 2021, at The Game Awards, Google announced that Google Play Games beta would launch in early 2022, bringing Android games to Windows PCs and laptops. [10] The minimum specification requirements to run Google Play Games are currently Windows 10 or later operating system with an integrated graphics card and quad-core CPU that can access Google Play Games beta (previously octo-core ...