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Unlike the urinary bladder of vertebrates, the urinary bladder of crustaceans both stores and modifies urine. [50] The bladder consists of two sets of lateral and central lobes. The central lobes sit near the digestive organs and the lateral lobes extend along the front and sides of the crustacean's body cavity. [50]
The urethral sphincters are two muscles used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra. The two muscles are either the male or female external urethral sphincter and the internal urethral sphincter. When either of these muscles contracts, the urethra is sealed shut.
The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites , and regulate blood pH .
Anatomy figure: 36:01-01 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The inguinal canal and derivation of the layers of the spermatic cord." Anatomy photo:44:04-0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Male Pelvis: The Urinary Bladder" Anatomy image:7576 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center; Median umbilical fold
In the top-right image, the cystoscope has been bent within the bladder to look back on itself. The bottom two images show an inflamed urethra. If a patient has a stone lodged higher in the urinary tract, the physician may use a much finer calibre scope called a ureteroscope through the bladder and up into the ureter. (The ureter is the tube ...
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