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Memantine, sold under the brand name Namenda among others, is a medication used to slow the progression of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. [10] [11] [8] It is taken by mouth. [10] [8] Common side effects include headache, constipation, sleepiness, and dizziness. [10] [11] Severe side effects may include blood clots, psychosis, and heart ...
Side effects in dogs and cats include hypersalivation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and vomiting. [ 12 ] [ 16 ] Eight percent of dogs taking maropitant at doses meant to prevent motion sickness vomited right after, likely due to the local effects maropitant had on the gastrointestinal tract.
Side effects from intra-articular administration can include joint pain, swelling, lameness, and, rarely, infection of the joint. Intramuscular injection can cause dose-dependent inflammation and bleeding, since PSGAG is an analogue of the anticoagulant heparin. [4] In dogs, this may manifest as bleeding from the nose or as bloody stools. [7]
Memantine/donepezil, sold under the brand name Namzaric among others, is a fixed dose combination medication used for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. [1] It contains memantine, as the hydrochloride, a NMDA receptor antagonist; and donepezil as the hydrochloride, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1]
Pimobendan is indicated for the management of the signs of mild, moderate, or severe congestive heart failure in dogs due to clinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); [1] [7] and for use with concurrent therapy for congestive heart failure (e.g.,furosemide, etc.) as appropriate on a case-by-case basis. [1]
In a large-scale, multi-center clinical trial of 728 patients diagnosed with asthenia in Russia, bromantane was given for 28 days at a daily dose of 50 mg or 100 mg. [7] The study concluded with an impression score of 76.0% on the CGI-S and 90.8% on the CGI-I for bromantane, indicating that it is broadly applicable and highly effective. [7]
Like memantine, nitromemantine is a low-affinity voltage-dependent uncompetitive antagonist at glutamatergic NMDA receptors, however nitromemantine selectively inhibits extrasynaptic NMDA receptors while sparing normal physiological synaptic NMDA receptor activity, resulting in less side effects and a greater neuroprotective action, as well as stimulating regrowth of synapses with prolonged ...
The nitro group must be targeted to the NMDA receptor, otherwise other effects of NO such as dilatation of blood vessels and consequent hypotension could result. [98] Nitromemantine is a second-generation derivative of memantine, it reduces excitotoxicity mediated by overactivation of the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA receptor without ...