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A thin film is a layer of materials ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness. [1] The controlled synthesis of materials as thin films (a process referred to as deposition) is a fundamental step in many applications.
In 1972, John Cadotte of North Star Technologies (later FilmTec Corporation) developed the first interfacial polyamide (IP) thin-film-composite (TFC) membrane. [6] The current generation of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane materials are based on a composite material patented by FilmTec Corporation in 1970 (now part of DuPont). Today, most such ...
Thin-film solar cells are a type of solar cell made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin films or TFs) of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal. Thin-film solar cells are typically a few nanometers ( nm ) to a few microns ( μm ) thick–much thinner than the wafers used in conventional crystalline ...
Plastic film is a thin continuous polymeric material. Thicker plastic material is often called a "sheet". These thin plastic membranes are used to separate areas or volumes, to hold items, to act as barriers, or as printable surfaces. Plastic films are used in a wide variety of applications.
Thin film material coatings on various substrates provide important functionalities for the microfabrication industry, and the n, k, as well as the thickness, t, of these thin film constituents must be measured and controlled to allow for repeatable manufacturing.
Thin-film optics is the branch of optics that deals with very thin structured layers of different materials. [1] In order to exhibit thin-film optics, the thickness of the layers of material must be similar to the coherence length ; for visible light it is most often observed between 200 and 1000 nm of thickness.
Transparent conducting films (TCFs) are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive material. They are an important component in a number of electronic devices including liquid-crystal displays , OLEDs , touchscreens and photovoltaics .
It is a p-type semiconductor whose electrical properties can be tailored by doping and structural modification and has emerged as one of the simple, non-toxic and affordable material for thin films solar cells since a decade. IV-VI: 2: Tin(IV) sulfide: SnS 2: 2.2 [24] SnS 2 is widely used in gas sensing applications. IV-VI: 2: Tin telluride ...
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