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  2. Reinforcement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement

    Reinforcement is delivered if the response requirement is met while a schedule is in effect. Administrating two reinforcement schedules at the same time Concurrent schedules – A complex reinforcement procedure in which the participant can choose any one of two or more simple reinforcement schedules that are available simultaneously. Organisms ...

  3. Operant conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

    A reinforcement schedule may be defined as "any procedure that delivers reinforcement to an organism according to some well-defined rule". [10] The effects of schedules became, in turn, the basic findings from which Skinner developed his account of operant conditioning. He also drew on many less formal observations of human and animal behavior ...

  4. Punishment (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)

    Punishment is not a mirror effect of reinforcement. In experiments with laboratory animals and studies with children, punishment decreases the likelihood of a previously reinforced response only temporarily, and it can produce other "emotional" behavior (wing-flapping in pigeons, for example) and physiological changes (increased heart rate, for ...

  5. Applied behavior analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis

    Reinforcement occurs when the consequence of a behavior makes it more likely for that behavior to occur in the future. Reinforcing consequences can be either positive, where something preferred is added, or negative, where something aversive is removed. [63] Reinforcement is the key element in operant conditioning and most behavior change programs.

  6. B. F. Skinner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner

    Reinforcement, a key concept of behaviorism, is the primary process that shapes and controls behavior, and occurs in two ways: positive and negative. In The Behavior of Organisms (1938), Skinner defines negative reinforcement to be synonymous with punishment, i.e. the presentation of an aversive stimulus

  7. Extinction (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_(psychology)

    However, some make the distinction between extinction stimuli and "S-Delta" due to the behavior not having a reinforcement history, i.e. in an array of three items (phone, pen, paper) "Which one is the phone" the "pen" and "paper" will not produce a response in the teacher, but is not technically extinction on the first trial due to selecting ...

  8. Reinforcement theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_theory

    Reinforcement theory is a limited effects media model applicable within the realm of communication. The theory generally states that people seek out and remember information that provides cognitive support for their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs.

  9. Addictive behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addictive_behavior

    An addiction is, by definition, a form of compulsion, and involves operant reinforcement. For example, dopamine is released in the brain's reward system and is a motive for behaviour (i.e. the compulsions in addiction development through positive reinforcement). [19] There are two main differences between compulsion and addiction.