Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
In SI units illuminance is measured in lux (lx), or equivalently in lumens per square metre (lm·m −2). [2] Luminous exitance is measured in lm·m −2 only, not lux. [4] In the CGS system, the unit of illuminance is the phot, which is equal to 10 000 lux. The foot-candle is a non-metric unit of illuminance that is used in photography. [5]
The global irradiance on a horizontal surface on Earth consists of the direct irradiance E e,dir and diffuse irradiance E e,diff. On a tilted plane, there is another irradiance component, E e,refl, which is the component that is reflected from the ground. The average ground reflection is about 20% of the global irradiance.
The lux (symbol: lx) is the unit of illuminance, or luminous flux per unit area, in the International System of Units (SI). [1] [2] It is equal to one lumen per square metre.In photometry, this is used as a measure of the irradiance, as perceived by the spectrally unequally responding human eye, of light that hits or passes through a surface.
Illuminance. To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various source in lux, which is a lumen per square metre. Factor
The latter standard represents the spectral distribution of global irradiance incident on a 37° tilted surface facing the sun at an air mass of 1.5. The integrated irradiance amounts to 1000 W/m 2. This standard spectrum is mandated by IEC to evaluate the rating of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells in the absence of optical concentration.
The field of spectroradiometry concerns itself with the measurement of absolute radiometric quantities in narrow wavelength intervals. [1] It is useful to sample the spectrum with narrow bandwidth and wavelength increments because many sources have line structures [2] Most often in spectroradiometry, spectral irradiance is the desired measurement.
The useful daylight illuminance calculation is based on three factors—the percentage of time a point is below, between, or above an illuminance value. The range for these factors is typically 100–2,000 lux. Useful daylight illuminance is similar to daylight autonomy but has the added benefit of addressing glare and thermal discomfort. [44]