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Valerian (/ v ə ˈ l ɪər i ən / və-LEER-ee-ən; Latin: Publius Licinius Valerianus; c. 199 – 260 or 264) was Roman emperor from 253 to spring 260 AD. Valerian is known as the first Roman emperor to have been taken captive in battle, captured by the Persian emperor Shapur I after the Battle of Edessa, causing shock and instability throughout the Roman Empire.
The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and the Sasanian Empire under Shapur I, in Edessa (now the Turkish city of Urfa) in 260. The Roman army was defeated and captured in its entirety by the Iranian forces; for the first time, a Roman emperor was taken prisoner. [6]
The speedy retreat of Shapur's troops caused Valerian to pursue the Persians to Edessa, but they were defeated, and Valerian, along with the Roman army that was left, was captured by Shapur [34] Shapur then advanced into Asia Minor and managed to capture Caesarea, [35] deporting hundred upon thousands of Roman citizens to the Sasanian empire. [36]
Captured at Edessa by the Persian king Shapur I, died in captivity possibly forced to swallow molten gold [104] Gallienus Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus: c. September 253 – c. September 268 (15 years) Son of Valerian, appointed joint emperor. Sole emperor after Valerian's capture in 260 218 – c. September 268 (aged 50)
Between 258 and 260, Shapur captured Emperor Valerian after defeating his army at the Battle of Edessa. He advanced into Anatolia but was defeated by Roman forces there; attacks from Odaenathus of Palmyra forced the Persians to withdraw from Roman territory, surrendering Cappadocia and Antioch. [34]
This Valerian Bridge (Band-e Kaisar in Persian, literally "bridge of Caesar") is named after the Roman emperor Valerian (253–260 AD) who was captured with many legionaries by the Sassanid ruler Shapur I after having been defeated in the Battle of Edessa (260).
After a series of campaigns against the Roman Empire (252-256),Shapur I faced Emperor Valerian in Edessa for the third time, which led to the defeat of the Romans and the capture of Valerian and the high Roman officials [1] Valerian spent the last days of her life in prison [2].After this victory, Shapur decided to launch a new attack on the cities of Antioch, Cilicia and Caesarea. [3]
Roman Emperor Valerian was captured. Fulvius Macrianus his sons (Quietus and Macrianus Minor) as joint emperors in opposition to Valerian's son Gallienus. Odaenathus declares himself King of Palmyra and start the process for the independence of its Kingdom. Persian raids Cilicia and Cappadocia. Siege of Caesarea Cappadocia (260)