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The base of a Yellow Birch trunk. In botany, the trunk (or bole) is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree, [1] which is an important feature in tree identification, and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species. The trunk is the most important part of the tree for timber production.
The cork oak grows as an evergreen tree, reaching an average height of 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 feet) or in rare cases up to 25 m and a trunk diameter of 50 to 100 centimetres (20 to 39 inches). It forms a dense and asymmetrical crown that starts at a height of 2–3 m ( 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 –10 ft) and spreads widely in free-standing trees.
A transverse section through a tree trunk or a horizontal core will show concentric circles of lighter or darker wood – tree rings. [68] These rings are the annual growth rings [69] [70] There may also be rays running at right angles to growth rings. These are vascular rays which are thin sheets of living tissue permeating the wood. [68]
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn , borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere ; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen .
Horizontal cross sections cut through the trunk of a tree can reveal growth rings, also referred to as tree rings or annual rings. Growth rings result from new growth in the vascular cambium , a layer of cells near the bark that botanists classify as a lateral meristem ; this growth in diameter is known as secondary growth .
Branch attachment in common ash Fraxinus excelsior L. Figure 1: Anatomical drawing of the wood grain of a branch attachment in a tree. Initially branches are mechanically attached to the trunks of trees by forming interlocking wood grain patterns at the top of the joint, within what is known as 'axillary wood' (Fig. 1). [1]
The diameter of the tree is calculated by finding the mean diameter of the trunk, in most cases obtained by dividing the measured circumference by π; this assumes the trunk is mostly circular in cross-section (an oval or irregular cross-section would result in a mean diameter slightly greater than the assumed circle). Accurately measuring ...
Cross section of a Sequoia sempervirens showing tree rings. The native area provides a unique environment with heavy seasonal rains up to 2,500 mm (100 in) annually. Cool coastal air and fog drip keep the forest consistently damp year round. Several factors, including the heavy rainfall, create a soil with fewer nutrients than the trees need ...