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Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain , pain that radiates down the leg , numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [ 1 ]
A 2019 Cochrane review of six studies involving 652 men assessing the effects of physical activity alone, physical activity as a part of a self-management program, among others. [20] The evidence from this review states that there are important uncertainties whether physical activity is helpful in men experiencing urinary symptoms caused by ...
In flaccid bladder (also known as lower motor neuron or hypotonic bladder), the muscles of the bladder lose ability to contract normally. This can cause the inability to void urine even if the bladder is full and cause a large bladder capacity. The internal urinary sphincter can contract normally, however urinary incontinence is common.
The nerves that compose the cauda equina innervate the pelvic organs and lower limbs to include motor innervation of the hips, knees, ankles, feet, internal anal sphincter and external anal sphincter. In addition, the cauda equina extends to sensory innervation of the perineum and, partially, parasympathetic innervation of the bladder. [1]
However, the symptoms vary depending on the severity and cause of the condition. Lighter symptoms include pain or heaviness in the legs, hips, glutes and lower back, post-exercise. [ 6 ] [ 8 ] Mild to severe symptoms include prolonged constant pain, tiredness and discomfort in the lower half of the body.
The causes of pelvic floor dysfunction aren’t well understood. Experts know that weakened muscles and connective tissue in the pelvis can contribute to it, as can injuries to the pelvis.
When of gradual onset, symptoms may include loss of bladder control, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. [1] Those with long-term problems are at risk of urinary tract infections. [1] Causes include blockage of the urethra, nerve problems, certain medications, and weak bladder muscles. [1]
Causes include tumors, physical trauma, and ischemia. [37] Cauda equina syndrome may also be caused by central disc prolapse or slipped disc, infections such as epidural abscess, spinal haemorrhages, secondary to medical procedures and birth abnormalities. [38]