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2. Lime softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

   Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.

3. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions.

4. Descaling agent - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descaling_agent

   Limescale build-up inside a pipe reduces both liquid flow and thermal conduction from the pipe, so will reduce thermal efficiency when used as a heat exchanger.. A descaling agent or chemical descaler is a liquid chemical substance used to remove limescale from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, water heaters, and kettles.

5. Limescale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limescale

   In addition to being unsightly and hard to clean, limescale can seriously damage or impair the operation of various plumbing and heating components. [1] Descaling agents are commonly used to remove limescale. Prevention of fouling by scale build-up relies on the technologies of water softening or other water treatment.

6. Thomas Clark (chemist) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Clark_(chemist)

   He became known for the discovery of the phosphate of soda, and the process of lime softening of hard water the 'Clark process'. A Clark degree (°Clark) of water hardness is defined as one grain (64.8 mg) of CaCO 3 per Imperial gallon (4.55 litres) of water, equivalent to 14.254 ppm. and 10^5 parts of water

7. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

   Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as ...