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The Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica abolishes Costa Rica's army as a permanent institution, making Costa Rica one of the first countries in the world to do so as the current Constitution was enacted in 1949. [1] Costa Rica is one of the few countries without armed forces and, alongside Panama, one of the few that is not a microstate.
It has a small volunteer army which is purely ceremonial in function. The paramilitary GIPA special forces unit of the national police is trained in counter-terrorism and hostage rescue. [14] [15] Dominica: Dominica has not had a standing army since 1981. The Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force has a special forces unit and coast guard.
On 1 December 1948, the President of Costa Rica, José Figueres Ferrer, abolished the Costa Rican military after his victory in the Costa Rican Civil War. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In a ceremony at the national capital of San José , Figueres symbolically broke a wall with a mallet , symbolizing an end to the military's existence. [ 4 ]
Costa Rica: Historia de Costa Rica. Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. ISBN 978-9977-67-411-7. La Feber, Walter (1993). Inevitable Revolutions The United States in Central America. Norton Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-393-03434-9. Longley, Kyle (1997). The Sparrow and the Hawk: Costa Rica and the United States During the Rise of Jose ...
The Oxford Companion to World War II (2005), comprehensive encyclopedia for all countries; Eccles, Karen E. and Debbie McCollin, eds. World War II and the Caribbean (2017) excerpt; Frank, Gary. Struggle for hegemony in South America: Argentina, Brazil, and the United States during the Second World War (Routledge, 2021). Friedman, Max Paul.
Costa Rica. Nicaragua Costa Ricans exiled. Victory: Filibuster War (1855–1857) Costa Rica Nicaragua Kingdom of Mosquitia Guatemala Honduras El Salvador United States: Filibusters: Victory. William Walker's army is defeated and he is arrested by the American Navy; Barrios' War of Reunification (1885) El Salvador Mexico Costa Rica Nicaragua ...
"The future of mankind cannot include armed forces. Police, yes, because people are imperfect.", he declared. Ever since, Costa Rica has had no army and has maintained a 7,500-member national police force for a population of over five million. [9] enabled women and illiterates to vote, [4] put into effect basic welfare legislation, [5]
Despite its official abolition of its military, between 1950 and 1970 Costa Rica accepted 1.8 million USD in military aid and 113,000 USD in surplus equipment from the United States. However, in 1981, the Costa Rican government stated that all military equipment on hand — including a small number of M113 armored personnel carriers acquired in ...