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Ternary cesium lead halides have multiple stable phases that can be formed; these include CsPbX 3 (perovskite), Cs 4 PbX 6 (so called "zero-dimensional" phase due to disconnected [PbX 6] 4-octahedra), and CsPb 2 X 5. [147] All three phases have been prepared colloidally either by a direct synthesis or via nanocrystal transformations. [148]
Methylammonium lead halides (MALHs) are solid compounds with perovskite structure and a chemical formula of [CH 3 NH 3] + Pb 2+ (X −) 3, where X = Cl, Br or I. They have potential applications in solar cells , [ 2 ] lasers , light-emitting diodes , photodetectors , radiation detectors, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] scintillator , [ 5 ] magneto-optical data ...
Crystal structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 perovskites (X=I, Br and/or Cl). The methylammonium cation (CH 3 NH 3 +) is surrounded by PbX 6 octahedra. [13]The name "perovskite solar cell" is derived from the ABX 3 crystal structure of the absorber materials, referred to as perovskite structure, where A and B are cations and X is an anion.
They may also include density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics or semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods. The programs include both open source and commercial software. Most of them are large, often containing several separate programs, and have been developed over many years.
Lead halide refers to any of a group of chemical compounds in which lead is joined to an element from the halide group. Compounds within this group include:
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[4] Exchange rates usually follow the trend I > Br > Cl. Alkyl- and arylfluoride are generally unreactive toward organolithium reagents. Lithium–halogen exchange is kinetically controlled, and the rate of exchange is primarily influenced by the stabilities of the carbanion intermediates (sp > sp 2 > sp 3) of the organolithium reagents. [5] [3]
BigDFT is a free software package for physicists and chemists, distributed under the GNU General Public License, whose main program allows the total energy, charge density, and electronic structure of systems made of electrons and nuclei (molecules and periodic/crystalline solids) to be calculated within density functional theory (DFT), using pseudopotentials, and a wavelet basis.