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A raised-relief map, terrain model or embossed map is a three-dimensional representation, usually of terrain, materialized as a physical artifact. When representing terrain, the vertical dimension is usually exaggerated by a factor between five and ten; this facilitates the visual recognition of terrain features.
Terrain cartography. USGS topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines at 20-foot intervals. Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as ...
Maps are useful in presenting key facts within a geographical context and enabling a descriptive overview of a complex concept to be accessed easily and quickly. WikiProject Maps encourages the creation of free maps and their upload on Wikimedia Commons. On the project's pages can be found advice, tools, links to resources, and map conventions.
A digital elevation model (DEM) or digital surface model (DSM) is a 3D computer graphics representation of elevation data to represent terrain or overlaying objects, commonly of a planet, moon, or asteroid. A "global DEM" refers to a discrete global grid. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems (GIS), and are the most common basis ...
In computer graphics, relief mapping is a texture mapping technique first introduced in 2000 [1] used to render the surface details of three-dimensional objects accurately and efficiently. [2] It can produce accurate depictions of self-occlusion, self-shadowing, and parallax. [3] It is a form of short-distance ray tracing done in a pixel shader.
MS Windows. Java. Free to use software to digitize geological cross-sections, and display and edit borehole logs. Geoscience ANALYST [31] Free 3D visualization and communication software for integrated, multi-disciplinary geoscience and mining data and models, which also connects to Python through geoh5py, its open-source API. Mira Geoscience Ltd.
United States. Apple Maps - covers the whole country. Bing Maps – covers the whole country. Google Maps - covers the whole country. Libre Map Project. MapQuest - covers the whole country. The National Map by the United States Geological Survey. Roadtrippers - covers the whole country. TerraServer-USA - covers the whole country.
Global relief model. A global relief model, sometimes also denoted as global topography model or composite model, combines digital elevation model (DEM) data over land with digital bathymetry model (DBM) data over water-covered areas (oceans, lakes) to describe Earth's relief. A relief model thus shows how Earth's surface would look like in the ...