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Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The melting temperature (Tm) is defined as the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state. Tm depends on the length of the DNA molecule and its specific ...
Heat of vaporization of water from melting to critical temperature. Water has a very high specific heat capacity of 4184 J/(kg·K) at 20 °C (4182 J/(kg·K) at 25 °C) —the second-highest among all the heteroatomic species (after ammonia), as well as a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ/mol or 2257 kJ/kg at the normal boiling point), both of ...
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. [1] Synthetic peptide nucleic acid oligomers have been used in recent years in molecular biology procedures, diagnostic assays, and antisense therapies. [2] Due to their higher binding strength, it is not necessary to design long PNA oligomers for use in ...
1802 K. 1529 °C. 2784 °F. The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
Melting point. The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 ...
Oligocene. Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C6Cn.2n. The Oligocene (IPA: / ˈɒlɪɡəsiːn, - ɡoʊ -/ OL-ə-gə-seen, -goh-) [4] is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (33.9 ± 0.1 to 23.03 ± 0.05 Ma). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds ...
Boiling point. Water boiling at 99.3 °C (210.8 °F) at 215 m (705 ft) elevation. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid [1][2] and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis. Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure (sequence). The technique is extremely useful in current laboratory practice because it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence.