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Torah is the Hebrew term for the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. It is also known as the Written Torah in Jewish tradition, and has various names and meanings in other religions.
The Torah, the first five books of the Bible, was composed by multiple authors over an extended period of time, according to modern scholarship. The date of the final form of the Torah is debated, but most scholars place it in the Persian or Hellenistic period, based on external and internal evidence.
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh is the authoritative scripture of Judaism, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. It developed during the Second Temple Period and has different versions and translations, such as the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Masoretic Text.
The Priestly source (P) is a late and distinctive layer of the Torah, focusing on ritual law, priesthood, and the origins of shrines and rituals. It is associated with the Zadokite priests who returned from exile and claimed the Aaronite name.
The Samaritan Pentateuch is the sacred scripture of the Samaritans, written in a different script than the Masoretic Text used by Jews. It dates back to one of the ancient versions of the Torah that existed during the Second Temple period and has six thousand differences from the Masoretic Text.
A book by R. N. Whybray that critiques the documentary hypothesis and form criticism of the Pentateuch, and proposes a fragmentary model of its composition. Learn about the background, summary, assessment and footnotes of this influential work in Old Testament studies.
A Torah scroll (Sefer Torah) is a handwritten copy of the five books of Moses, the first books of the Hebrew Bible. Learn about the history, usage, production and rules of Torah scrolls, and see examples and images of different types of scrolls.
The Book of Genesis is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament, attributed to Moses. It contains two creation narratives, the covenants with God, and the ancestry of Israel, and was composed from various sources over a long period of time.