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It is estimated that nearly one in three persons globally has at least one form of malnutrition: wasting, stunting, vitamin or mineral deficiency, overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases. [22] Undernutrition is more common in developing countries. [23] Stunting is more prevalent in urban slums than in rural areas. [24]
The full title of Target 2.2 is: "By 2030 end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving by 2025 the international agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under five years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, and older persons." [21] It has two indicators: [22]
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection ).
Globally, 162 million children show symptoms of malnutrition such as stunting, which is an indicator of malnourishment. [7] The WHO reported that two out of five children that are stunted live in Southern Asia, however Africa is the only region where there is an increasing number of stunted children. [ 8 ]
Stunting - Stunting is when a child is too short for their age. It is caused by poor diet and frequent infections. Generally, stunting occurs before the age of 2, with largely irreversible effects. These effects include: delayed motor development, impaired cognitive function, and poor performance in school. 27% of all children globally are stunted.
Reviews about the effectiveness of CLTS to eliminate open defecation, reduce diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases, and decrease stunting in children are currently underway. [28] In some cases, CLTS has been compared with India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) when assessing the effectiveness of the approach. [29]
There were 735.1 million malnourished people in the world in 2022, a decrease of 58.3 million since 2005, [2] despite the fact that the world already produces enough food to feed everyone (8 billion people) and could feed more than that (12 billion people).
The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has been ratified by the great majority of countries (180 countries). [11]: 7 In 2019 the global average value for the "age-standardized smoking prevalence among ages 15 and older" was 17%, down from nearly 25% in 1990, which is a positive development. [16]: 36