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In psychometrics, predictive validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, the validity of a cognitive test for job performance is the correlation between test scores and, for example, supervisor performance ratings.
An example of predictive validity is IQ tests, it was originally developed to predict future school performance. Another example is a comparison of scores on the SAT with first semester grade point average (GPA) in college; this assesses the degree to which SAT scores are predictive of college performance.
Two major factors determine the quality of newly hired employees, predictor validity (aka predictive validity) and selection ratio. [1] The predictor cutoff is a test score differentiating those passing a selection measure from those who did not. People above this score are hired or are further considered while those below it are not.
The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.
Concurrent validity is a type of evidence that can be gathered to defend the use of a test for predicting other outcomes. It is a parameter used in sociology, psychology, and other psychometric or behavioral sciences. Concurrent validity is demonstrated when a test correlates well with a measure that has previously been validated. The two ...
Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.In the fields of psychological testing and educational testing, "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests". [1]
Incremental validity is a type of statistical validity that assesses whether a new psychometric assessment has more predictive ability than existing methods of assessment. [1] It seeks to determine whether the new assessment adds information that cannot be obtained with simpler, already existing methods.
The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure. [3] Validity is based on the strength of a collection of different types of evidence (e.g. face validity, construct validity, etc.) described in greater detail below.