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Europe in 1910 with World War I alliances highlighted. Switzerland (yellow) found itself surrounded by members of opposing alliances. During the First World War, Switzerland sustained its policy of neutrality despite sharing land borders with two of the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) and two of the Allied Powers (France and Italy).
The Swiss sovereign money initiative of June 2018, also known as Vollgeld, [note 2] [note 3] was a citizens' (popular) initiative in Switzerland intended to give the Swiss National Bank the sole authority to create money. [2] On 10 June 2018, the initiative was defeated in the vote, with 76% per cent of voters rejecting it. [3] [4]
The Anglo-Irish Treaty, which entered into force in 1922, created Ireland as an independent state and determined it as a neutral state. This did not change with the new Constitution of Ireland in 1937, and in an Anglo-Irish defence agreement in 1938 it was assured that Ireland would not be used as a base for foreign states to attack the United ...
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Switzerland is surrounded by the European Union but not an EU member itself, thereby also maintaining its neutrality with regard to EU membership and the EU mutual defence clause enshrined in Article 42.7 of the consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union, although the EU treaty also provides for neutral countries to maintain their ...
Golson, Eric Bernard, The Economics of Neutrality: Spain, Sweden and Switzerland in the Second World War (2011) PhD thesis, LSE, 500pp. full text; Kreis, Georg. Switzerland and the Second World War (2013) excerpt and text search; Petropoulos, Jonathan, "Co-Opting Nazi Germany: Neutrality in Europe During World War II." Dimensions 14.1 (2000 ...