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A medical work by Ibn al-Nafis, who corrected some of the erroneous theories of Galen and Avicenna on the anatomy of the brain [citation needed].. Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs [1] (Arabic: علم النفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), [2] is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience ...
In Islamic psychology, the concepts of mental health and "mental hygiene" were introduced by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, who often related it to spiritual health. In his Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus ( Sustenance for Body and Soul ), he was the first to successfully discuss diseases related to both the body and the soul.
A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts [5] There is now a substantial literature on combining these elements—ruh, qalb, nafs, and aql (mind)—to create an Islamic model for human behavior which can be the basis for an Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy.
The body of classical Islamic literature on psychology and mental health can be categorized into three distinct categories: [5] The largest and most robust source, Sufi literature and teachings, includes the prominent Islamic philosopher al-Ghazali. [5] "Mental health" is related to the health of the "soul", the "spiritual heart", or one's ...
In Islam, this "primordial covenant" is the metahistorical foundation between God and humankind. [10] The Quran first mentions an 'inner meaning' (ta'wil) in Q18:65–82 in the story of Moses and Khidr, a mystical figure of the ancient Middle East who reluctantly accepts Moses as his traveling student. When Khidr performs strange acts, Moses ...
Such an example is the work of philosopher Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, specifically his Kitāb al-Muʿtabar ("The Book of What Has Been Established by Personal Reflection"); the book's challenges to the Aristotelian norm in Islamic philosophy along with al-Baghdādī's emphasis on "evident self-reflection" and his revival of the Platonic use ...
Islamic philosophy refers to philosophy produced in an Islamic society. As it is not necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor exclusively produced by Muslims, [3] many scholars prefer the term "Arabic philosophy." [4] Islamic philosophy is a generic term that can be defined and used in different ways.
Tazkiyah (Arabic: تزكية) is an Arabic-Islamic term alluding to tazkiyat al-nafs, meaning 'sanctification' or 'purification of the self'. This refers to the process of transforming the nafs (carnal self or desires) from its state of self-centrality through various spiritual stages towards the level of purity and submission to the will of God. [1]