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The graph Q 0 consists of a single vertex, while Q 1 is the complete graph on two vertices. Q 2 is a cycle of length 4. The graph Q 3 is the 1-skeleton of a cube and is a planar graph with eight vertices and twelve edges. The graph Q 4 is the Levi graph of the Möbius configuration. It is also the knight's graph for a toroidal chessboard.
The graph of any cubic function is similar to such a curve. The graph of a cubic function is a cubic curve, though many cubic curves are not graphs of functions. Although cubic functions depend on four parameters, their graph can have only very few shapes. In fact, the graph of a cubic function is always similar to the graph of a function of ...
Here is an angle in the unit circle; taking 1 / 3 of that angle corresponds to taking a cube root of a complex number; adding −k 2 π / 3 for k = 1, 2 finds the other cube roots; and multiplying the cosines of these resulting angles by corrects for scale.
According to Brooks' theorem every connected cubic graph other than the complete graph K 4 has a vertex coloring with at most three colors. Therefore, every connected cubic graph other than K 4 has an independent set of at least n/3 vertices, where n is the number of vertices in the graph: for instance, the largest color class in a 3-coloring has at least this many vertices.
A fan of order n is defined to be a graph on the vertices {0, 1, ..., n} with 2n − 1 edges connected according to the following rules: Vertex 0 is connected by a single edge to each of the other n vertices, and vertex is connected by a single edge to the next vertex k + 1 for all 1 ≤ k < n. [24]
The cube-connected cycles of order n is the Cayley graph of a group that acts on binary words of length n by rotation and flipping bits of the word. [1] The generators used to form this Cayley graph from the group are the group elements that act by rotating the word one position left, rotating it one position right, or flipping its first bit.
The cube of a number n is denoted n 3, using a superscript 3, [a] for example 2 3 = 8. The cube operation can also be defined for any other mathematical expression, for example (x + 1) 3. The cube is also the number multiplied by its square: n 3 = n × n 2 = n × n × n. The cube function is the function x ↦ x 3 (often denoted y = x 3) that
K 4 as the half-square of a cube graph. The half-square of a bipartite graph G is the subgraph of G 2 induced by one side of the bipartition of G. Map graphs are the half-squares of planar graphs, [18] and halved cube graphs are the half-squares of hypercube graphs. [19] Leaf powers are the subgraphs of powers of trees induced by the leaves of ...