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Truncal hypotonia and clumsy or ataxic gait are typical. [5] Behavioral and sleep problems are also common. [9] [10] Approximately 50% of patients receive a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. [8] Some patients have significant feeding issues. [11] [7] Constipation has also been reported. [12] Some patients experience strabismus. [5]
Lesions to the cerebellum can cause dyssynergia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, and ataxia of stance and gait. [3] Dyschronometria can result from autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA). [4] Andreas Vesalius Fabrica, published in 1543, showing the base of the human brain, including optic chiasma, cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, etc.
Other causes of similar symptoms that should be considered include seizure, stroke, concussion, low blood oxygen, low blood sugar, drug intoxication and some psychiatric disorders among others. [ 1 ] [ 9 ] Treatment depends on the underlying cause. [ 1 ]
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia originating in the cerebellum. [1] Non-progressive congenital ataxia (NPCA) is a classical presentation of cerebral ataxias.. Cerebellar ataxia can occur as a result of many diseases and may present with symptoms of an inability to coordinate balance, gait, extremity and eye movements. [2]
Deformities in general and static deformities in specific (joint contractures) cause increasing gait difficulties in the form of tip-toeing gait, due to tightness of the Achilles tendon, and scissoring gait, due to tightness of the hip adductors. These gait patterns are among the most common gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy.
Orthopedic corrective treatments may also manifest into gait abnormality, such as lower extremity amputation, healed fractures, and arthroplasty (joint replacement). Difficulty in ambulation that results from chemotherapy is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common.
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
Gait analysis is often used to describe gait abnormalities in children. [30] Gait training has been shown to improve walking speed in children and young adults with cerebral palsy. [18] Occupational therapy helps adults and children maximise their function, adapt to their limitations and live as independently as possible.