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In computer programming, initialization or initialisation is the assignment of an initial value for a data object or variable. The manner in which initialization is performed depends on the programming language, as well as the type, storage class, etc., of an object to be initialized.
Version 7 Unix: /etc listing, showing init and rc Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running
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During the POST, the BIOS must integrate multiple competing, changing, and even mutually exclusive standards and initiatives for the matrix of hardware and operating systems the PC is expected to support, although at most only simple memory tests and the setup screen are displayed.
This leaves the initial root file system at a mount point (such as /initrd) where normal boot scripts can later unmount it to free up memory held by the initrd. On an initramfs, the initial root file system cannot be rotated away. [10] Instead, it is simply emptied and the final root file system mounted over the top.
its existing code has become too difficult to handle and extend; the task of debugging it seems too complicated; the programmer finds it difficult to understand its source code; developers learn new techniques or wish to do a big feature overhaul which requires much change; the programming language of the source code has to be changed