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This article lists the character entity references that are valid in HTML and XML documents. A character entity reference refers to the content of a named entity. An entity declaration is created in XML, SGML and HTML documents (before HTML5) by using the <!ENTITY name "value"> syntax in a Document type definition (DTD).
UTF-8 is also the recommendation from the WHATWG for HTML and DOM specifications, and stating "UTF-8 encoding is the most appropriate encoding for interchange of Unicode" [4] and the Internet Mail Consortium recommends that all e‑mail programs be able to display and create mail using UTF-8.
An encoding default applies when there is no external or internal encoding declaration and also no byte order mark. While the encoding default for HTML pages served as XML is required to be UTF-8, the encoding default for a regular Web page (that is: for HTML pages serialized as text/html) varies
As of HTML5 the recommended charset is UTF-8. [3] An "encoding sniffing algorithm" is defined in the specification to determine the character encoding of the document based on multiple sources of input, including: Explicit user instruction; An explicit meta tag within the first 1024 bytes of the document
XML also provides a mechanism whereby an XML processor can reliably, without any prior knowledge, determine which encoding is being used. [17] Encodings other than UTF-8 and UTF-16 are not necessarily recognized by every XML parser (and in some cases not even UTF-16, even though the standard mandates it to also be recognized).
On the opposite, the code point U+0085 is a valid control character in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646, as well as in XML 1.0 and XML 1.1 documents (in all contexts), and its usage is not discouraged (it is treated as whitespace in many XML contexts, or as a line-break control similar to U+000D and U+000A in preformatted texts in some XML applications).
The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented writing systems are added.
Canonical XML specifies a number of other details, some of which are: the UTF-8 encoding is used; line-ends are represented using the newline character 0x0A; whitespace in attribute values is normalized; entity references and non-special character references are expanded; CDATA sections are replaced with their character content