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Alfonso was born to Sancho III of Castile and Blanche, in Soria on 11 November 1155. [7] He was named after his grandfather Alfonso VII of León and Castile, who divided his kingdoms between his sons. This division set the stage for conflict in the family until the kingdoms were re-united by Alfonso VIII's grandson, Ferdinand III of Castile. [8]
In August 1212, the major Andalusian city of Úbeda was besieged and captured by an army of crusaders led by Alfonso VIII of Castile. The conquest came as an aftermath of the crusader victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. [1] The Muslim inhabitants of the town negotiated a peaceful surrender of the town to which Alphonso initially agreed.
Alfonso VIII the Noble King of Castile 1155–1214 r. 1158–1214: Sancho I King of Portugal 1154–1212: Sancho 1181: Henry 1184: Ferdinand 1189–1211: Mafalda 1191–1211: Constance c. 1202 –1243: Eleanor 1200–1244: James I the Conqueror King of Aragon 1208–1276: Henry I King of Castile 1204–1217 r. 1214–1217: Berengaria Queen of ...
Alfonso VIII took the opportunity and began a counter-offensive in Cuenca, [8] from which came great danger since the Almohads used it as an outpost in their continuous attacks against Castile. [9] The city was well fortified so Alfonso VIII, with the help of Alfonso II of Aragon, carried out a long siege and captured it in 1177.
In that same year, Alfonso II went on a military expedition to Lorca, so that the king of Murcia, who was his vassal, would ensure the tribute. [16] [17] On returning from this victorious expedition and being in Teruel, he gave the church of Saint Vincent to the Royal Monastery of San Juan de la Peña "pro servitio quod mihi fecisti in illa hoste de Valencia".
According to a letter from Alfonso VIII of Castile to Pope Innocent III, Baeza was evacuated and its people moved to Úbeda; Alfonso laid siege, killing 60,000 Muslims and enslaving many more. According to the Latin Chronicle of Kings of Castile [36] the number given is almost 100,000 Saracens, including children and women, who were captured. [27]
The following is the family tree of the Spanish monarchs starting from Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon till the present day. The former kingdoms of Aragon (see family tree), Castile (see family tree) and Navarre (see family tree) were independent kingdoms that unified in 1469 as personal union, with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs, to become the Kingdom of Spain (de ...
Battle location. Battle of Alarcos (July 18, 1195), [3] was fought between the Almohads led by Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur and King Alfonso VIII of Castile. [4] It resulted in the defeat of the Castilian forces and their subsequent retreat to Toledo, whereas the Almohads reconquered Trujillo, Montánchez, and Talavera.