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An imbalance in glutathione-dependent redox metabolism has been shown to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). [citation needed] Glutathione synthesis and intracellular redox balance are related to folate metabolism and methylation, metabolic pathways that have also been shown to be abnormal in ASD.
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Pediatric narcolepsy cases are cases when patients are diagnosed or experience symptoms onset for narcolepsy before the age of 18. Of patients who obtain a formal diagnosis for narcolepsy, more than 50% report first experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy more than 10 years before their formal diagnosis, with an average age of symptom onset being at age 15 and symptom onset most likely to occur ...
The gene associated with narcolepsy is present in approximately 25% of the population, but only one in 500 will develop the sleep disorder, according to Narcolepsy Network.
The comorbidities identified by the Elixhauser comorbidity measure are significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and include both acute and chronic conditions. van Walraven et al. have derived and validated an Elixhauser comorbidity index that summarizes disease burden and can discriminate for in-hospital mortality. [75]
Sleep paralysis is associated with sleep-related hallucinations. ... they are more frequent in comorbidity with other sleep disorders, e.g. narcolepsy. [1] [2] ...
Sleep disorders are associated with disruption to normal sleep patterns. A common sleep disorder is insomnia, which is described as difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. Other sleep disorders include narcolepsy, sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, chronic sleep deprivation, and restless leg syndrome.
Obstructive sleep apnea is also associated with structural changes in the brain. [11] Indirect consequences of sleep disorders after TBI can be the exacerbation of the many complications and comorbidities of TBI. [9] These include fatigue, post-traumatic stress symptoms or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain. [9] [7]
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