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The SQL EXCEPT operator takes the distinct rows of one query and returns the rows that do not appear in a second result set. For purposes of row elimination and duplicate removal, the EXCEPT operator does not distinguish between NULLs .
SQL includes operators and functions for calculating values on stored values. SQL allows the use of expressions in the select list to project data, as in the following example, which returns a list of books that cost more than 100.00 with an additional sales_tax column containing a sales tax figure calculated at 6% of the price.
In SQL, the unique keys have a UNIQUE constraint assigned to them in order to prevent duplicates (a duplicate entry is not valid in a unique column). Alternate keys may be used like the primary key when doing a single-table select or when filtering in a where clause, but are not typically used to join multiple tables.
In SQL, a window function or analytic function [1] is a function which uses values from one or multiple rows to return a value for each row. (This contrasts with an aggregate function, which returns a single value for multiple rows.) Window functions have an OVER clause; any function without an OVER clause is not a window function, but rather ...
Each column in an SQL table declares the type(s) that column may contain. ANSI SQL includes the following data types. [14] Character strings and national character strings. CHARACTER(n) (or CHAR(n)): fixed-width n-character string, padded with spaces as needed; CHARACTER VARYING(n) (or VARCHAR(n)): variable-width string with a maximum size of n ...
TIBCO Spotfire does not support CTEs, while Oracle 11g Release 2's implementation lacks fixpoint semantics. Without common table expressions or connected-by clauses it is possible to achieve hierarchical queries with user-defined recursive functions. [7]
When an index is declared unique, multiple table rows with equal indexed values will not be allowed. Nulls are not considered equal. A multicolumn unique index will only reject cases where all of the indexed columns are equal in two rows. This is consistent with the SQL:2003-defined behavior of scalar Null comparisons.
To insert multiple rows in MS SQL you can use such a construction: INSERT INTO phone_book SELECT 'John Doe' , '555-1212' UNION ALL SELECT 'Peter Doe' , '555-2323' ; Note that this is not a valid SQL statement according to the SQL standard ( SQL:2003 ) due to the incomplete subselect clause.