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Legionella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid.It is known to cause legionellosis [3] (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. [3]
Legionella pneumophila, the primary causative agent for Legionnaire's disease, is an aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] L. pneumophila is a intracellular parasite that preferentially infects soil amoebae and freshwater protozoa for replication.
The number of cases that occur globally is not known. [1] Legionnaires' disease is the cause of an estimated 2–9% of pneumonia cases that are acquired outside of a hospital. [1] An estimated 8,000 to 18,000 cases a year in the United States require hospitalization. [9] Outbreaks of disease account for a minority of cases.
Legionella sp. under ultraviolet illumination Scientific classification; Domain: Bacteria: Phylum: Pseudomonadota: Class: Gammaproteobacteria: Order: Legionellales: Families and genera Legionellaceae Legionella Coxiellaceae Aquicella Coxiella Diplorickettsia Rickettsiella "Ca. Berkiella" [1] "Ca. Fiscibacter" [1] "Ca.
Year City Venue Source Cases Deaths Fatality rate Notes 2000: Melbourne, Australia: Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium: Cooling tower: 125: 4: 3.2%: In April 2000, an outbreak of Legionella pnemophila serogroup 1 occurred in Melbourne, Australia. The outbreak resulted in 125 confirmed cases of Legionnaire's disease, with 95 (76%) hospitalised.
Legionella anisa is traditionally detected using the same culture methods as described for Legionella. However, some research suggests L. anisa may require a co-culture method that accounts for the close relationship with amoebae. When present in a sample but still contained within an amoeba host, the plating method may return false-negative ...
These include the Chlamydiaceae, Legionella and the Mycoplasmataceae (including mycoplasma and ureaplasma); the Spirochetes and Rickettsiaceae are also often considered atypical. [ 1 ] Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which retains the crystal violet during Gram staining, resulting in a purple color.
Facultative intracellular parasites are capable of living and reproducing in or outside of host cells. Obligate intracellular parasites, on the other hand, need a host cell to live and reproduce. Many of these types of cells require specialized host types, and invasion of host cells occurs in different ways. [2]