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A lens may be considered a thin lens if its thickness is much less than the radii of curvature of its surfaces (d ≪ | R 1 | and d ≪ | R 2 |).. In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces.
Defining equation SI units Dimension Lens power P ... Thin lens equation f = lens focal length; x 1 = object distance; x 2 = image distance; r 1 = incident curvature ...
Distances in the thin lens equation. For a lens of negligible thickness, and focal length f, the distances from the lens to an object, S 1, and from the lens to its image, S 2, are related by the thin lens formula: + =.
For paraxial rays, if the distances from an object to a spherical thin lens (a lens of negligible thickness) and from the lens to the image are S 1 and S 2 respectively, the distances are related by the (Gaussian) thin lens formula: [27] [28] [29]
In weak lensing by large-scale structure, the thin-lens approximation may break down, and low-density extended structures may not be well approximated by multiple thin-lens planes. In this case, the deflection can be derived by instead assuming that the gravitational potential is slowly varying everywhere (for this reason, this approximation is ...
The main benefit of using optical power rather than focal length is that the thin lens formula has the object distance, image distance, and focal length all as reciprocals. Additionally, when relatively thin lenses are placed close together their powers approximately add. Thus, a thin 2.0-dioptre lens placed close to a thin 0.5-dioptre lens ...
For the purposes of ray tracing, this is equivalent to a series of identical thin lenses of focal length f = R/2, each separated from the next by length d. This construction is known as a lens equivalent duct or lens equivalent waveguide.
An example of interference between reflections is the iridescent colours seen in a soap bubble or in thin oil films on water. Applications include Fabry–Pérot interferometers, antireflection coatings, and optical filters. A quantitative analysis of these effects is based on the Fresnel equations, but with additional calculations to account ...