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The Duvalier dynasty (French: Dynastie des Duvalier, Haitian Creole: Dinasti Duvalier) was an autocratic hereditary dictatorship in Haiti that lasted almost 29 years, from 1957 until 1986, spanning the rule of the father-and-son duo Dr. François Duvalier (Papa Doc) and Jean-Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc).
Jean-Claude Duvalier (French: [ʒɑ̃klod dyvalje]; 3 July 1951 – 4 October 2014), nicknamed "Baby Doc" (French: Bébé Doc, Haitian Creole: Bebe Dòk), was a Haitian dictator who inherited the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in February 1986.
François Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician and voodooist who served as the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. [3]
Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804. Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State , renamed Kingdom in 1811, and the southern Republic . Between 1822 and 1844 the reunified Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola , during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo .
By 1840, Haiti had ceased to export sugar entirely, although large amounts continued to be grown for local consumption as taffia-a raw rum. However, Haiti continued to export coffee, which required little cultivation and grew semi-wild. The 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake destroyed the city, and the Sans-Souci Palace, killing 10,000 people.
The Anti-Duvalier protest movement was a series of demonstrations in Haiti from 23 May 1984 to 7 February 1986 that led to the overthrow of President Jean-Claude Duvalier and the Duvalier dynasty regime [1] [2] and the readoption of the original flag and coat of arms of the country.
The people of Haiti, a member of the United Nations, have waged tireless battles to gain the most basic of freedoms and rights. ... Haitians’ declaration to break with the dictatorship ...
Duvalier remained Haiti's president until his death on April 21, 1971, ending the reign of the most corrupt President in Haiti's history. Most of Haiti's governments have been corrupt, [2] essentially making him the most prestigious in this field so far. [citation needed] The oppression in Haiti resulting from Duvalier's regime was evident.