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In mammalian outer hair cells, the varying receptor potential is converted to active vibrations of the cell body. This mechanical response to electrical signals is termed somatic electromotility; [13] it drives variations in the cell's length, synchronized to the incoming sound signal, and provides mechanical amplification by feedback to the traveling wave.
Vestibular and tympanic ducts are filled with perilymph, and the smaller cochlear duct between them is filled with endolymph, a fluid with a very different ion concentration and voltage. [2] [3] [4] Vestibular duct perilymph vibrations bend organ of Corti outer cells (4 lines) causing prestin to be released in cell tips.
The ethmoid air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities in the ethmoidal labyrinth [4] that represent invaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal wall into the ethmoid bone. [3] They are situated between the superior parts of the nasal cavities and the orbits, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony lamellae. [4]
[5] [6] Furthermore, Hensen's cells are also able to regenerate the damaged hair cells in some vertebrates; they undergo phagocytosis to eject the dead or injured hair cells, and reproduce both new hair cells and supporting cells into the cell cycle. One of the reasons is that the supporting cells are differentiated by the embryonic hair cells ...
Onodi cells typically extend back to lie superolateral to the sphenoid sinus and thus near the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. [9] Failure to recognize an Onodi cell on CT scan before surgery may put these structures at risk. One study found that an Onodi cell was present in 26.6% of males and 19.1% of females. [6]
Cross-section through the spiral organ of Corti at greater magnification, showing position of the hair cells on the basement membrane. The organ of Corti is located in the scala media of the cochlea of the inner ear between the vestibular duct and the tympanic duct and is composed of mechanosensory cells, known as hair cells. [2]
The cells of the inner oral cavity are called the buccal mucosa. The oral cavity is lined by a stratified squamous epithelium containing about three layers of cells. [ citation needed ] They line the oral, nasal, and external auditory meatus , (ear), providing lubrication and protection against pathogens .
The auditory tube, which connects the middle ear to the pharynx, opens into the nasopharynx at the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube. The opening and closing of the auditory tubes serves to equalize the barometric pressure in the middle ear with that of the ambient atmosphere. Details of torus tubarius