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Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]
Precautionary statements form part of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). [1] They are intended to form a set of standardized phrases giving advice about the correct handling of chemical substances and mixtures, which can be translated into different languages.
The basic structure of the hydrophobic retinoid molecule consists of a cyclic end group, a polyene side chain and a polar end group. The conjugated system formed by alternating C=C double bonds in the polyene side chain are responsible for the color of retinoids (typically yellow, orange, or red).
Retinyl esters can be distinguished from retinol in serum and other tissues and quantified with the use of methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography. [21] Elevated amounts of retinyl ester (i.e., >10% of total circulating vitamin A) in the fasting state have been used as markers for chronic hypervitaminosis A in humans and monkeys ...
The enzyme 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.63) catalyzes the reaction 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H 2 O 11-cis-retinol + palmitate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate acylhydrolase.
Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions. They are carrier proteins that bind retinol.Assessment of retinol-binding protein is used to determine visceral protein mass in health-related nutritional studies.
In enzymology, a retinyl-palmitate esterase (EC 3.1.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. retinyl palmitate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } retinol + palmitate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are retinyl palmitate and H 2 O , whereas its two products are retinol and palmitate .
Universal precautions are an infection control practice. Under universal precautions all patients were considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens. The guideline recommended wearing gloves when collecting or handling blood and body fluids contaminated with blood, wearing face shields when there was danger of blood splashing on mucous membranes ,and disposing of all needles and ...