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Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged ( cationic ) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH + 4 or [NH 4 ] + . It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia ( NH 3 ).
In chemistry, a quaternary compound is a compound consisting of exactly four chemical elements. In another use of the term in organic chemistry , a quaternary compound is or has a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic ( alkyl and aryl ) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms.
Structural diagram of the quaternary ammonium cation. Created using ACD/ChemSketch 10.0 and Inkscape. Date: 24 January 2007: Source: Own work: Author: Fvasconcellos ...
Molecular structure of ammonia and its three-dimensional shape. It has a net dipole moment of 1.484 D. Dot and cross structure of ammonia. The ammonia molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape, as predicted by the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) with an experimentally determined bond angle of 106.7°. [36]
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist 's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.
Like other quaternary ammonium cations, TPA is prepared by the alkylation of the corresponding ammonia analogue, tripropylamine. Treatment of the amine with a primary propyl halide such as n-bromopropane yields the corresponding TPA halide salt in a Menshutkin reaction: (C 3 H 7) 3 N + C 3 H 7 Br → (C 3 H 7) 4 N + Br −
Quaternary ammonium compounds are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR 4 + with R being alkyl or aryl groups. The R groups may also be connected. The R groups may also be connected. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quaternary ammonium compounds .