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Use of ultrasound in phacoemulsification can cause effects such as corneal edema, and macular edema after surgery. However, in some cases, use of ultrasound energy does not generate macular edema. The cause of macular edema in phacoemulsification is intraocular pressure fluctuation during surgery.
A common scenario involves prolonged corneal swelling or edema following cataract surgery or other types of ocular surgery. Hence, patients with a history of Fuchs' dystrophy may be at a greater risk of corneal edema after ocular surgery as they have fewer functioning endothelial cells. [citation needed]
The corneal endothelial cells normally do not undergo mitotic cell division, and cell loss results in permanent loss of function. When endothelial cell counts drop too low, the pump starts failing to function and fluid moves anterior into the stroma and epithelium. The excess fluid precipitates swelling of the cornea.
Leucomatous corneal opacity is a dense white opacity which results due to scarring of more than half of the stroma. [4] A number of different presentations of leucomatous corneal opacity exist: Adherent leucoma: results when healing occurs after perforation of cornea with incarceration of iris. The iris is adherent to the back of a leucomatous ...
The risk of endophthalmitis occurring after surgery is less than one in 1000. [62] Corneal edema and cystoid macular edema are less serious but more common, and occur because of persistent swelling at the front of the eye in corneal edema or back of the eye in cystoid macular edema. [63]
Other possible complications include elevated intraocular pressure; [85] swelling or oedema of the cornea, which is sometimes associated with transient or permanent cloudy vision (pseudophakic bullous keratopathy); displacement or dislocation of the IOL implant; unplanned high refractive error—either myopic or hypermetropic—due to errors in ...
Endophthalmitis, or endophthalmia, is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by an infection.It is a possible complication of all intraocular surgeries, particularly cataract surgery, and can result in loss of vision or loss of the eye itself. [1]
After cataract surgery, patients with diabetes mellitus are generally acknowledged to have an increased risk of macular edema. [ 12 ] A prior history of retinal vein occlusion was the only significant preoperative risk factor in a large retrospective series of 1659 consecutive cataract surgeries.
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