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In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme (and rare) cases this can lead to a hair ball (trichobezoar). [10] Rapunzel syndrome is an extreme form of trichobezoar in which the "tail" of the hair ball extends into the intestines and can be fatal if misdiagnosed. [10] [18] [19] [20]
Rapunzel syndrome is an extremely rare intestinal condition in humans resulting from ingesting hair (trichophagia). [1] [2] The syndrome is named after the long-haired girl Rapunzel in the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. Trichophagia is sometimes associated with the hair-pulling disorder trichotillomania. [3]
Trichophagia is most closely associated with trichotillomania, the pulling out of one's own hair, and thus any symptoms of trichotillomania could be predictive of trichophagia and must be ruled out. Rarely, persons with trichophagia do not exclusively have trichotillomania and instead will eat the hair of others. [9] [5]
Marschall points out that although it’s a self-soothing behavior, people with trichotillomania are not choosing to pull their hair out — the behavior is a symptom of mental health issues.
Schizoid personality disorder (/ ˈ s k ɪ t s ɔɪ d, ˈ s k ɪ d z ɔɪ d, ˈ s k ɪ z ɔɪ d /, often abbreviated as SzPD or ScPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, [9] a tendency toward a solitary or sheltered lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness, detachment, and apathy. [10]
For a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the described symptoms need to have been present for at least six months (according to the DSM-5) or one month (according to the ICD-11). [10] [18] Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, as well as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD ...
Trichotillomania had for a time been lumped with profoundly different conditions such as pyromania and compulsive lying. With ICD-11, it is classified as Body-repetitive disorder. Cfr. article: Innovations and changes in the ICD‐11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders, World Psychiatry. 2019 Feb; 18(1): 3–19.
Schizophrenia is a somewhat rare disease affecting approximately 3.2 million Americans in the United States. Also, in an average year, about 100,000 individuals will be diagnosed with schizophrenia. [18] In 2010, there were approximately 397,200 hospitalizations for schizophrenia in the United States.