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Real GDP is an example of the distinction between real and nominal values in economics.Nominal gross domestic product is defined as the market value of all final goods produced in a geographical region, usually a country; this depends on the quantities of goods and services produced, and their respective prices.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of aggregate output. Nominal GDP in a particular period reflects prices that were current at the time, whereas real GDP compensates for inflation. Price indices and the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts are constructed from bundles of commodities and their respective prices.
The detailed prices used to compute PPPs are based on data published by the World Bank as part of the International Comparison Program (ICP). An empirical finding documented extensively by PWT is the Penn effect , the finding that real GDP is substantially understated when using exchange rates instead of PPPs in comparing GDP across countries.
The GDP gap or the output gap is the difference between actual GDP or actual output and potential GDP, in an attempt to identify the current economic position over the business cycle. The measure of output gap is largely used in macroeconomic policy (in particular in the context of EU fiscal rules compliance ).
NDP: Net domestic product is defined as "gross domestic product (GDP) minus depreciation of capital", [6] similar to NNP. GDP per capita: Gross domestic product per capita is the average market value rendered per person. GNI per capita: Gross national income per capita is related to average income per person and mean income.
For oil-export-dependent economies, there could be substantial differences between real GDP and real GDI, due the effect of oil price volatility on the purchasing power in those countries. [1] [2] In the United States National Income and product accounts, the word GDI is use to define GDP calculated with income data rather than expenditure data ...
On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures. The following lists summarise the GDP (nominal) of each continent by adding GDP (nominal) of each nation as per the seven-continent model, sorted by USD. The first list includes 2024 data estimates n1 for members of the International Monetary Fund.
Economic growth rates (most commonly the growth rate of GDP) are generally measured in real (constant-price) terms. One use of economic-growth data from the national accounts is in growth accounting across longer periods of time for a country or across to estimate different sources of growth, whether from growth of factor inputs or ...