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Copper–nickel alloys for marine applications are usually 90% copper, 10% nickel, and small amounts of manganese and iron to enhance corrosion resistance. The seawater corrosion resistance of copper–nickel alloys results in a thin, adherent, protective surface film which forms naturally and quickly on the metal upon exposure to clean seawater.
The metal sheathing of Cutty Sark, made from the copper alloy Muntz metal. Copper sheathing is a method for protecting the hull of a wooden vessel from attack by shipworm, barnacles and other marine growth through the use of copper plates affixed to the surface of the hull, below the waterline.
Cryptocaryon irritans is a species of ciliates that parasitizes marine fish, causing marine white spot disease or marine ich (pronounced ick). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is one of the most common causes of disease in marine aquaria .
Hole in the head can be reversed by removing all activated carbon and conducting large percentage water changes. Greater than 90% water changes may need to be done to reduce the effects of activated carbon. More commonly, cures are made by moving the fish to a new aquarium that has never had fish develop HLLE in it. [4] [5]
The copper performed well in protecting the hull from invasion by worm, and in preventing the growth of weed, for when in contact with water, the copper produced a poisonous film, composed mainly of oxychloride, that deterred these marine creatures. Furthermore, as this film was slightly soluble, it gradually washed away, leaving no way for ...
Mariculture, sometimes called marine farming or marine aquaculture, [1] is a branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other animal products, in seawater. Subsets of it include ( offshore mariculture ), fish farms built on littoral waters ( inshore mariculture ), or in artificial tanks , ponds or raceways ...
One of the more bizarre and recently discovered diseases produces huge fish kills in shallow marine waters. It is caused by the ambush predator dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida . When large numbers of fish, like shoaling forage fish , are in confined situations such as shallow bays, the excretions from the fish encourage this dinoflagellate ...
Columnaris disease in young fish is acute and damages the gills, leading to death by respiratory distress. [1] In chronic cases, fin rot , or frayed and ragged fins, can appear. These begin at the base of the dorsal fin on the back of a fish and spread over time, hence the name saddleback disease . [ 3 ]