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Ernesto Laclau (Spanish:; 6 October 1935 – 13 April 2014) was an Argentine political theorist and philosopher. He is often described as an 'inventor' of post-Marxist political theory. He is well known for his collaborations with his long-term partner, Chantal Mouffe .
Norman Geras, in a New Left Review article titled "Post-Marxism?", lambasted Laclau and Mouffe for what he regarded as shallow obscurantism grounded on basic misunderstandings of both Marx and Marxism. After Laclau's and Mouffe's response to Geras' paper (in "Post-Marxism without apologies"), Geras doubled down with "Ex-Marxism Without ...
The Essex School of discourse analysis, or simply 'The Essex School', refers to a type of scholarship founded on the works of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe.It focuses predominantly on the political discourses of late modernity utilising discourse analysis, as well as post-structuralist and psychoanalytic theory, such as may be found in the works of Lacan, Foucault, Barthes, and Derrida.
In Emancipation(s), Ernesto Laclau frames the empty signifier in the context of social interactions. For Laclau, the empty signifier is the hegemonic representative of a collection of various demands, constituting a chain of equivalence whose members are distinguished through a differential logic (as in elements exist only in their differences ...
An approach associated with the political scientist Ernesto Laclau presents populism as an emancipatory social force through which marginalised groups challenge dominant power structures. Some economists have used the term in reference to governments which engage in substantial public spending financed by foreign loans, resulting in ...
The main Peronist party is the Justicialist Party, [3] whose policies have significantly varied over time and across government administrations, [3] but have generally been described as "a vague blend of nationalism and labourism", [3] or populism. [2] [67] Alan Knight argues that Peronism is similar to Bolivarian Revolution and the Mexican ...
Populism has risen the early 21st century; however, the focus is no longer on the general population protesting against the elites, which was historically the case with populism, [9] but rather on more political polarization, whereby a simple majority is the goal of politicians and thus leads to the "tyranny of the majority" in which they do ...
Influenced by Carl Schmitt's friend-enemy distinction, the Belgian political theorist Chantal Mouffe promotes the development of left-wing populism as a method to establish hegemony for progressivist views. Mouffe argues that the current political situation is a "populist moment" and the left can use this to define a "people", which can be done ...