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The regulatory standards published by the committee are commonly known as Basel Accords.They are called the Basel Accords as the BCBS maintains its secretariat at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland and the committee normally meets there. The Basel Accords is a set of recommendations for regulations in the banking industry.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) [1] is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten (G10) countries in 1974. [2] The committee expanded its membership in 2009 and then again in 2014.
Basel III requires banks to have a minimum CET1 ratio (Common Tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets (RWAs)) at all times of: . 4.5%; Plus: A mandatory "capital conservation buffer" or "stress capital buffer requirement", equivalent to at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, but could be higher based on results from stress tests, as determined by national regulators.
The global framework for banking regulation and supervision, prepared by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, makes a distinction between three "pillars", namely regulation (Pillar 1), supervisory discretion (Pillar 2), and market discipline enabled by appropriate disclosure requirements (Pillar 3). [2]
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision explained the rationale for adopting this approach in a consultative paper issued in 2001. [3] Such an approach has two primary objectives - Risk sensitivity - Capital requirements based on internal estimates are more sensitive to the credit risk in the bank's portfolio of assets
Basel II is the second of the Basel Accords, which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. It is now extended and partially superseded by Basel III. The Basel II Accord was published in June 2004.
Basel I is the first Basel Accord. It arose from deliberations by central bankers from major countries during the late 1970s and 1980s. In 1988, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in Basel , Switzerland, published a set of minimum capital requirements for banks.
Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms, sometimes called the Basel III Endgame in the United States, [1] [2] Basel 3.1 in the United Kingdom, [3] or CRR3 in the European Union, [4] are additional changes to international standards for bank capital requirements that were agreed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in 2017 as part of Basel III, first published in 2010.