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These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Serious side effects may include movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. [6] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally not recommended. [10] It is a typical antipsychotic which is believed to work by reducing the action of dopamine in the brain. [6]
These adverse effects are more likely during rapid changes between antipsychotic agents, so making a gradual change between antipsychotics minimises these withdrawal effects. [159] The British National Formulary recommends a gradual dose reduction when discontinuing antipsychotic treatment to avoid acute withdrawal symptoms or rapid relapse ...
Common adverse effects of olanzapine, occurring from 1–10%, include: Gynecomastia [8] Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (dose-dependent). Tends to produce less extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics but more extrapyramidal side effects than sertindole, clozapine and quetiapine. [9] [10]
The most common typical antipsychotics associated with EPS are haloperidol and fluphenazine. [4] Atypical antipsychotics have lower D2 receptor affinity or higher serotonin 5-HT2A receptor affinity which lead to lower rates of EPS. [5] Other anti-dopaminergic drugs, like the antiemetic metoclopramide, can also result in extrapyramidal side ...
Clozapine, sold under the brand name Clozaril among others, is a psychiatric medication and was the first atypical antipsychotic to be discovered. [6] It is primarily used to treat people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have had an inadequate response to two other antipsychotics, or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.
Aribit (Aripiprazole) tablets. Aripiprazole, sold under the brand names Abilify and Aristada, among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. [8] It is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder; [8] other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressive disorder and tic disorders. [8]
Serious side effects are valid for all atypical antipsychotics and may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, angioedema, and high blood sugar levels, [10] although lurasidone is less likely to cause high blood sugar levels in most patients ...