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According to the Open Group Base Specifications, IFS is an abbreviation for "input field separators." [1] A newer version of this specification mentions that "this name is misleading as the IFS characters are actually used as field terminators."
The Xterm terminal emulator. In the early 1980s, large amounts of software directly used these sequences to update screen displays. This included everything on VMS (which assumed DEC terminals), most software designed to be portable on CP/M home computers, and even lots of Unix software as it was easier to use than the termcap libraries, such as the shell script examples below in this article.
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin (and utility program [2]) that formats and outputs text like the same-named C function. Originally named for outputting to a printer, it actually outputs to standard output. [3] The command accepts a format string, which specifies how to format values, and a list of values.
The number of lines printed may be changed with a command line option. The following example shows the first 20 lines of filename: head -n 20 filename. This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo: head -n 5 foo* Most versions [citation needed] allow omitting n and instead directly specifying the number: -5.
here doc with <<-a single space character (i.e. 0x20 ) is at the beginning of this line this line begins with a single tab character i.e 0x09 as does the next line the intended end was before this line and these were not processed by tr +++++ here doc with << a single space character (i.e. 0x20 ) is at the beginning of this line this line ...
Line vs. block – a line comment starts with a delimiter and continues to the end of the line (newline marker) whereas a block comment starts with one delimiter and ends with another and can cross lines; Nestable – whether a block comment can be inside another block comment
The placeholder may be a variable name, or in some languages an arbitrary expression, in either case evaluated in the current context. String interpolation is an alternative to building string via concatenation , which requires repeat quoting and unquoting; [ 2 ] or substituting into a printf format string , where the variable is far from where ...
When a user presses the tab key within an interactive command-shell, Bash automatically uses command line completion, since beta version 2.04, [87] to match partly typed program names, filenames and variable names. The Bash command-line completion system is very flexible and customizable, and is often packaged with functions that complete ...