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Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia in North and South America and is also an important cause of community-acquired bacteremia. [14] Skin ulceration or wounds, respiratory tract infections, and IV drug use are the most important causes of community-acquired staph aureus bacteremia.
Resistance to antibiotics in S. aureus can be quantified by determining the amount of the antibiotic that must be used to inhibit growth. If S. aureus is inhibited at a concentration of vancomycin less than or equal to 4 μg/ml, it is said to be susceptible. If a concentration greater than 32 μg/ml is necessary to inhibit growth, it is said to ...
Staphylococcus aureus (/ ˌ s t æ f ɪ l ə ˈ k ɒ k ə s ˈ ɔːr i ə s,-l oʊ-/, [16] [17] Greek σταφυλόκοκκος ' grape-cluster berry ', Latin aureus, ' golden ') is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive coccal (round) bacterium also known as "golden staph" and "oro staphira". S. aureus is nonmotile and does not form spores. [18]
S. aureus is also implicated [6] in toxic shock syndrome; during the 1980s some tampons allowed the rapid growth of S. aureus, which released toxins that were absorbed into the bloodstream. Any S. aureus infection can cause the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome , a cutaneous reaction to exotoxin absorbed into the bloodstream.
Pseudomonas fluorescens is an unusual cause of disease in humans, and usually affects patients with compromised immune systems (e.g., patients on cancer treatment). From 2004 to 2006, an outbreak of P. fluorescens in the United States involved 80 patients in six states.
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a superantigen with a size of 22 kDa [1] produced by 5 to 25% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It causes toxic shock syndrome (TSS) by stimulating the release of large amounts of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor. In general, the toxin is not produced by bacteria growing in the ...
S. aureus bacteria can live on the skin which is one of the primary modes of transmission. S. aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections to Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning enteritis. Since humans are the primary source, cross-contamination is the most common way the microorganism is introduced into foods. Foods at ...
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. [1] Symptoms may include fever, rash, skin peeling, and low blood pressure. [1] There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis, or pneumonia.