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Summary of the main ethanol blends used around the world in 2013. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles.
Hydrogen fuel enhancement from electrolysis (using automotive alternators) has been promoted for use with gasoline-powered and diesel trucks, [14] [15] [16] although electrolysis-based designs have repeatedly failed efficiency tests and contradict widely accepted laws of thermodynamics (i.e. conservation of energy).
Both Rotella T4 15W-40 conventional and, Rotella T6 5W-40 and 15w-40 Synthetic both list the JASO MA/MA 2 standard; this information can be found on the bottle adjacent to the SAE/API rating stamp. JASO is an acronym that stands for Japanese Automotive Standards Organization. Note that the 10W-30 conventional oil does not list JASO-MA.
The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) also has standards for motor oil. Introduced in 2004, GF-4 [27] applies to SAE 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, and 10W-30 viscosity grade oils. In general, ILSAC works with API in creating the newest gasoline oil specification, with ILSAC adding an extra requirement of fuel ...
Flammability diagrams show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen and an inert gas, typically nitrogen. Mixtures of the three gasses are usually depicted in a triangular diagram, known as a ternary plot. Such diagrams are available in the speciality literature.
Nitrous oxide fuel blend propellants are a class of liquid rocket propellants that were intended in the early 2010s to be able to replace hydrazine as the standard storable rocket propellent in some applications. In nitrous-oxide fuel blends, the fuel and oxidizer are blended and stored; this is sometimes referred to as a mixed monopropellant.
The oil is ultimately burned along with the fuel as a total-loss oiling system. That results in increased exhaust emissions , sometimes with excess smoke and/or a distinctive odor. The oil-base stock can be petroleum , castor oil , semi-synthetic or synthetic oil , and is mixed (or metered by injection) with petrol/gasoline at a volumetric fuel ...
Other than the piston rings, “blow-by” gases can push the fuel oil past the rings and into the crankcase. [1] “Blow-by” gases are a mix of fuel oil and exhaust gases that push past the piston rings. Crankcase dilution is caused more when the lube oil is fresher. [3] Another cause of crankcase dilution is a slow or delayed injection ...