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Zīj as-Sindhind (Arabic: زيج السندهند الكبير, Zīj as‐Sindhind al‐kabīr, lit."Great astronomical tables of the Sindhind"; from Sanskrit siddhānta, "system" or "treatise") is a work of zij (astronomical handbook with tables used to calculate celestial positions) brought in the early 770s AD to the court of Caliph al-Mansur in Baghdad from India.
A zij (Persian: زيج, romanized: zīj) is an Islamic astronomical book that tabulates parameters used for astronomical calculations of the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets. Sanjufini Zij by Samarkandi astronomer Khwaja Ghazi al-Sanjufini. Compiled in 1363.
Al-Khwārizmī's Zīj as-Sindhind [37] (Arabic: زيج السند هند, "astronomical tables of Siddhanta" [68]) is a work consisting of approximately 37 chapters on calendrical and astronomical calculations and 116 tables with calendrical, astronomical and astrological data, as well as a table of sine values.
The first astronomical texts that were translated into Arabic were of Indian [2] and Persian origin. [3] The most notable was Zij al-Sindhind, a zij produced by Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī and Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq, who translated an 8th-century Indian astronomical work after 770, with the assistance of Indian astronomers who were at the court of caliph Al-Mansur.
A numerical model of the Solar System is a set of mathematical equations, which, when solved, give the approximate positions of the planets as a function of time. Attempts to create such a model established the more general field of celestial mechanics.
[29] These discoveries, together with his astronomical works which are praised for their accuracy, greatly advanced astronomical calculations and instruments. Al-Khayyām (1048–1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet, known for his work on algebra and geometry, particularly his investigations into the solutions of cubic equations.
Intrigued by Indian astronomy and mathematics, the caliph instructed Ibrahim al-Fazari and Yaqub ibn Tariq to translate Brahmagupta's significant texts, Brahmasphutasiddhanta and Khandakhadyaka. These translations, named Sindhind and Arkand, introduced the concept of Indian numerals to the Islamic world. Similarly, Persian astronomical tables ...
The first major Arabic work of astronomy is the Zij al-Sindh by Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. The work contains tables for the movements of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known at the time. The work is significant as it introduced Ptolemaic concepts into Islamic sciences. This work also marks the turning point in Arabic astronomy.