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2. Doublet–triplet splitting problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet–triplet_splitting...

   In particle physics, the doublet–triplet (splitting) problem is a problem of some Grand Unified Theories, such as SU(5), SO(10), and . Grand unified theories predict Higgs bosons (doublets of S U ( 2 ) {\displaystyle SU(2)} ) arise from representations of the unified group that contain other states, in particular, states that are triplets of ...

3. Doublet state - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_state

   In quantum mechanics, a doublet is a composite quantum state of a system with an effective spin of 1/2, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, −1/2 and +1/2. Quantum systems with two possible states are sometimes called two-level systems .

4. Word ladder - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_ladder

   Word ladder (also known as Doublets, [1] word-links, change-the-word puzzles, paragrams, laddergrams, [2] or word golf) is a word game invented by Lewis Carroll. A word ladder puzzle begins with two words, and to solve the puzzle one must find a chain of other words to link the two, in which two adjacent words (that is, words in successive ...

5. Word problem (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics)

   The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]

6. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

   An obvious solution [4] is to simply add a right-handed neutrino ν R, which requires the addition of a new Dirac mass term in the Yukawa sector: = (¯) +.. This field however must be a sterile neutrino , since being right-handed it experimentally belongs to an isospin singlet ( T 3 = 0 ) and also has charge Q = 0 , implying Y W = 0 (see above ...

7. Singlet state - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state

   The ability of positronium to form both singlet and triplet states is described mathematically by saying that the product of two doublet representations (meaning the electron and positron, which are both spin-1/2 doublets) can be decomposed into the sum of an adjoint representation (the triplet or spin 1 state) and a trivial representation (the ...