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Barium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula BaCO 3. Like most alkaline earth metal carbonates, it is a white salt that is poorly soluble in water. It occurs as the mineral known as witherite. In a commercial sense, it is one of the most important barium compounds. [5]
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The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise.
Barium hydroxide can be prepared by dissolving barium oxide (BaO) in water: BaO + H 2 O → Ba(OH) 2. It crystallises as the octahydrate, which converts to the monohydrate upon heating in air. At 100 °C in a vacuum, the monohydrate will yield BaO and water. [3] The monohydrate adopts a layered structure (see picture above).
Barytocalcite is an anhydrous barium calcium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Ba Ca(C O 3) 2. It is trimorphous with alstonite and paralstonite, that is to say the three minerals have the same formula but different structures. [3] Baryte and quartz pseudomorphs after barytocalcite have been observed. [4]
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The abundance of barium is 0.0425% in the Earth's crust and 13 μg/L in sea water. The primary commercial source of barium is baryte (also called barytes or heavy spar), a barium sulfate mineral. [9]: 5 with deposits in many parts of the world. Another commercial source, far less important than baryte, is witherite, barium carbonate. The main ...